Hormuz Crisis Tracker — 2026-03-31 · Morning Cycle

🔴 CRITICAL ALERT — KUWAITI OIL TANKER AL-SALMI STRUCK BY IRANIAN DRONE IN DUBAI PORT AREA: Fully laden VLCC hit just after midnight, 31nm NW of Dubai in anchorage zone packed with ships. Hull damaged, fire on board. First attack on a fully laden supertanker at anchor near a major port. Bloomberg confirms. NEW

🔴 CRITICAL ALERT — TRUMP WILLING TO END WAR WITHOUT REOPENING HORMUZ (WSJ): Trump told aides he would wind down hostilities after achieving core goals (hobbling Iran navy + missile stocks) and leave Hormuz reopening for later. White House confirms Hormuz not a "core objective." Oil slides on report. This fundamentally changes the structural timeline for Strait reopening. NEW

🔴 CRITICAL ALERT — IRAN FIRES CLUSTER BOMB BALLISTIC MISSILE AT CENTRAL ISRAEL: Impacts in Bnei Brak, Ramat Gan, Petah Tikva. Cars on fire. 1 wounded. IDF confirms cluster warhead — submunitions spread over wide area. ~300 missiles fired since war start, ~50% with cluster warheads. NEW

🔴 CRITICAL ALERT — IRAN STRUCK US BASE IN SAUDI — 20 WOUNDED, 2 E-3 SENTRY RADAR JETS DAMAGED: Prince Sultan Air Base outside Riyadh targeted by Iranian missiles/drones. Up to 20 US service members wounded. Two E-3 Sentry AWACS aircraft damaged — critical airborne radar capability. NPR confirms. NEW

🔴 CRITICAL ALERT — 4 IDF SOLDIERS KILLED IN LEBANON + 3 UN PEACEKEEPERS KILLED: Staff Sgt. Noam Madmoni, Staff Sgt. Ben Cohen, Staff Sgt. Maxsim Entis killed in Hezbollah clash. Separate: 3 UNIFIL peacekeepers killed in explosions in southern Lebanon over 48 hours. NEW

⚠️ ALERT — OIL SLIDES ON TRUMP HORMUZ REPORT: Brent ~$113.2 (down from $115.35 Monday close). WTI drops. Market repricing: if Hormuz reopening is NOT a war objective, the structural closure timeline extends indefinitely. Paradox: "peace" without Hormuz = structural premium RISES while tactical premium falls. NEW

⚠️ ALERT — PAKISTAN FOUR-NATION DIPLOMACY: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt foreign ministers met in Islamabad. Pakistan offers to host US-Iran direct talks. Both sides expressed confidence in Pakistan as facilitator. But Iran's Parliament Speaker dismissed talks as "cover for ground invasion." NEW

1. Conflict Status

Day 32 (War started Feb 28, 2026 — US-Israel Operation Epic Fury)

• KUWAITI TANKER AL-SALMI STRUCK IN DUBAI PORT AREA. Iranian drone hit a fully laden Kuwait-flagged VLCC in the anchorage zone just 31nm from Dubai, after midnight local time. Hull damaged, fire started on board. This is the first attack on a fully laden supertanker at anchor near a major commercial port — the targeting has moved from open-water transit to port infrastructure. The anchorage zone was "packed with ships waiting to exit the Persian Gulf." Bloomberg, WION, Al Jazeera, Gulf News confirm.

• TRUMP TOLD AIDES WILLING TO END WAR WITHOUT REOPENING HORMUZ. WSJ reports Trump assessed a Hormuz reopening mission would push the conflict beyond his 4-6 week timeline. He decided the US would wind down hostilities after achieving core goals: hobbling Iran's navy and missile stocks. White House Press Secretary Leavitt confirmed: Hormuz safe passage "not one of the core objectives." However, Trump contradicted this in a social media post, warning he would "fully destroy Iran's infrastructure" if a deal didn't include Hormuz "immediately open for business." The contradiction itself is the signal: the administration is hedging toward ending without Hormuz, while maintaining the threat for leverage.

• OIL SLIDES ON WSJ REPORT. Brent dropped to ~$113.2 from $115.35 Monday. The market is pricing a paradox: war ending = tactical premium falls, but Hormuz staying closed = structural premium rises. Net: Brent volatile in $107-115 range as traders parse contradictory signals.

• IRAN STRUCK PRINCE SULTAN AIR BASE IN SAUDI. NPR confirms up to 20 US service members wounded and 2 E-3 Sentry AWACS radar aircraft damaged. Iran claimed to have destroyed a tanker aircraft and damaged three others. These are high-value ISR assets — their loss degrades US airborne command and control capability.

• IRAN FIRES CLUSTER BOMB MISSILE AT CENTRAL ISRAEL. Ballistic missile with cluster warhead impacted Bnei Brak, Ramat Gan, Petah Tikva. Cars on fire from submunitions. 1 wounded. IDF says ~300 missiles fired since war start, ~50% with cluster warheads. HRW condemned as unlawful.

• 4 IDF SOLDIERS KILLED IN LEBANON. Staff Sgts. Madmoni, Cohen, Entis killed in clash with Hezbollah in southern Lebanon March 30. Additional soldier killed + one seriously wounded in Adshit al-Qusayr explosion. Lebanon front intensifying.

• 3 UNIFIL PEACEKEEPERS KILLED. Three peacekeepers killed in separate explosions in southern Lebanon over 48 hours. One killed by projectile in village; two killed when vehicle destroyed by explosion of "unknown origin." France 24, Al Jazeera confirm.

• TEHRAN POWER INFRASTRUCTURE STRUCK. Israeli strikes hit power equipment in Tehran and Karaj, causing hours-long blackouts. This follows Trump's March 30 threats to destroy Iran's civilian infrastructure.

• PAKISTAN FOUR-NATION PUSH. Foreign ministers from Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt met in Islamabad. Pakistan offered to host US-Iran direct talks. Both sides expressed confidence in Pakistan as facilitator. But Iran's Parliament Speaker dismissed talks as "cover for ground invasion." Next meeting Monday.

Ceasefire Status: ❌ STRUCTURALLY IMPOSSIBLE — BUT CONTOURS OF "WAR ENDING WITHOUT HORMUZ" EMERGING. The WSJ report signals the US may accept a deal that leaves the Strait functionally closed. This is not de-escalation — it's redefinition of war objectives to exclude the oil crisis.

2. Strait of Hormuz — Operational Status

• The Al-Salmi attack in the Dubai anchorage zone is qualitatively different from open-water attacks. The anchorage zone is "packed with ships" — this targets the WAITING infrastructure, not just transit. Ships that can't transit and must anchor are now also at risk.
• ChinaPulse reports China "keeps Iranian oil moving through Hormuz as war reshapes trade" — suggesting Chinese-flagged vessels are operating within the IRGC toll system more effectively than the "Cosco U-turn" story suggested. The picture is: Chinese government vessels rerouted, but Chinese commercial/shadow fleet vessels are paying tolls and transiting.
• The WSJ report that Trump is willing to end without reopening Hormuz is the single most consequential development for this section. If confirmed by policy action, it means the US will not apply military force to reopen the Strait — leaving reopening to diplomacy, IRGC willingness, or future operations. The structural closure timeline extends from "weeks" to "indefinite."

3. Tanker Attacks Log

Al-Salmi significance: This is the first attack on a fully laden VLCC at anchor near a major port. Previous attacks were on transiting vessels. The targeting shift from transit to anchorage means no ship in the Gulf is safe — not just those attempting passage. The anchorage zone was "packed with ships waiting to exit" — a target-rich environment. This will likely accelerate crew refusals and fixture cancellations even for vessels NOT attempting Hormuz transit.

4. Oil Prices

Bessent's Monday statement that the deficit is "about 10 to 12 million barrels a day" with IEA "contributing around four million barrels a day" confirms official acknowledgment of a ~6-8 mb/d NET deficit that SPR cannot cover.

Structural floor estimate: ~$103-108/bbl (REVISED UPWARD — if Hormuz stays closed post-war, structural premium crystallizes permanently)
Tactical premium estimate: ~$5-10/bbl (FALLING — war-ending signals reduce immediate escalation pricing)
Total Brent implied: ~$108-118/bbl (current ~$113 — midrange)

4b. Risk Decomposition

Key insight this cycle: The risk decomposition is undergoing a phase transition. Previously, the structural vs tactical split assumed a war's end would address both. The WSJ report introduces a new category: post-war structural persistence — the scenario where hostilities end but the Strait remains closed, the insurance void persists, the mines are not cleared, and the bypass gap remains. In this scenario, the "peace dividend" in oil prices is minimal because the STRUCTURAL locks don't require an active war to persist. "The war ends. The crisis doesn't."

5. Strategic Petroleum Reserves

IEA Coordinated Release

Country Reserve Status

India fiscal impact (CONTINUED): India taking "huge hit" on tax revenue to keep fuel prices from surging. Indian basket at $157/bbl. Rs 51 lakh crore (~$612B) wiped from Indian markets in March. RBI $30B reserves deployed. Fiscally unsustainable at $113+ Brent.

6. Bypass Infrastructure

"End war without Hormuz" impact: If the Strait remains closed after war ends, the bypass gap becomes PERMANENT infrastructure — not a temporary wartime disruption. Bypass expansion (Turkey's Basra pipeline proposal, new pipeline proposals from Hong Kong firm) operates on YEAR timelines. The gap of 10-12.5 mb/d would require either: (a) demand destruction sufficient to eliminate the deficit, (b) OPEC+ spare capacity mobilization beyond current levels, or (c) breakthrough diplomatic agreement with IRGC on passage terms. None appears imminent.

7. Maritime Insurance & Shipping

The Bessent insurance plan ("begin soon") is now in tension with the WSJ report that Trump is willing to end without Hormuz. If the US is not committed to reopening the Strait, does the insurance plan still proceed? The DFC reinsurance program was predicated on facilitating transit — if transit is not a war objective, the program's political backing may erode. Watch for: any administration walkback on the insurance plan timeline.

8. Shadow Fleet & Sanctions

Scale: ~430 tankers in Iranian trade. 62% falsely flagged. ~1,400+ shadow fleet vessels globally.

General License U (Bessent gambit): Still active — authorizing delivery of Iranian-origin crude loaded as of March 20, extending until April 19. Effectively 140M bbl unsanctioned.

ChinaPulse (NEW): Reports that "China keeps Iranian oil moving through Hormuz as war reshapes trade." Chinese commercial vessels appear to be operating within the IRGC toll system more effectively than government-flagged vessels. Chinese discharges at 1.13-1.20M bpd.

No new seizures or enforcement actions this cycle.

9. Country Response Matrix

10. Policy & Regulatory Actions

11. Dual Chokepoint & LNG

1. ✅ Stage 1 (ACTIVE): Houthis fire at Israel — confirmed, two operations.
2. ⚠️ Stage 2 (THREATENED — EXPLICIT): Houthis declare Bab el-Mandeb "restricted combat zone." No commercial ship attacks yet. MARAD advisory updated.
3. 🔴 Stage 3 (WATCH): Houthis target Yanbu-bound tankers — ~5M bpd crude at risk, Brent toward $130-147.

12. Time-Zone Asymmetry Monitor

This Cycle:

• WSJ "end without Hormuz" broke Sunday evening/Monday US time. Asian Tuesday open is pricing this for the first time. The Al-Salmi attack (after midnight local = late Monday/early Tuesday Dubai time) breaks into Asian trading session.
• Al-Salmi attack in Dubai anchorage: Occurred just after midnight local — means Asian morning session prices both the WSJ report (bearish for tactical premium) AND the Al-Salmi attack (bullish for structural premium) simultaneously. These two signals push in OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS.
• Brent trading volatile in $107-115 range. May futures opened ~$113.2. The volatility reflects market trying to price contradictory signals: war ending (bearish) vs Hormuz staying closed (bullish) vs new attack type at port (bullish) vs potential peace talks (bearish).
• Tehran power strikes: Overnight Israel-time, pricing into European open. EU gas markets to watch.
• Pakistan talks Monday: Will price into Asian Tuesday if any concrete outcome emerges.
• Key asymmetry: Asia prices the SUPPLY reality (Al-Salmi attack, physical premium, India fiscal crisis). US will price the POLITICAL signal (Trump end-without-Hormuz, talks progress, uranium seizure decision). These are different information sets pricing at different times.

13. Key Metrics Dashboard

14. Convergence Assessment

What Changed This Cycle

1. TRUMP WILLING TO END WAR WITHOUT REOPENING HORMUZ (WSJ). This is the most consequential development since the war began for the OIL CRISIS specifically (as opposed to the military conflict). If the US drops Hormuz reopening from its war objectives, the Strait's closure timeline decouples from the war's timeline. A ceasefire could happen while the Strait stays closed, the insurance void persists, the mines remain, and the bypass gap endures. This transforms the crisis from "acute wartime disruption" to "new structural reality." Market correctly prices this as: tactical premium down, structural floor up. (Significance: EXTREME — phase transition in crisis structure)

1. KUWAITI TANKER AL-SALMI STRUCK AT DUBAI ANCHORAGE. Fully laden VLCC hit by Iranian drone in anchorage zone "packed with ships" 31nm from Dubai. First attack on a laden supertanker at anchor near a major port. This expands the threat from transit to waiting — no ship in the Gulf is safe, even at anchor. Combined with "end without Hormuz," this signals the Gulf is becoming a permanently hostile operating environment. (Significance: HIGH — new targeting category)

1. IRAN STRUCK US BASE — 2 E-3 SENTRY DAMAGED. Prince Sultan Air Base: up to 20 US wounded, 2 E-3 AWACS damaged. These are irreplaceable airborne radar/C2 platforms. Their damage degrades the US ability to manage Gulf airspace — which is precisely the capability needed for any future escort or mine-clearing operation. (Significance: HIGH — capability lock tightening)

1. IRAN CLUSTER BOMB ON CENTRAL ISRAEL. Ballistic missile with cluster warhead impacted populated suburbs of Tel Aviv (Bnei Brak, Ramat Gan, Petah Tikva). Submunitions scatter — designed to bypass Iron Dome. HRW condemned as unlawful. This is the 150th+ missile with cluster warhead. The frequency suggests Iran is normalizing this weapon type. (Significance: HIGH — but not new category)

1. 4 IDF + 3 UNIFIL KILLED IN LEBANON. Seven military/peacekeeping fatalities in 48 hours on the Lebanon front alone. UNIFIL casualties are internationally significant — UN peacekeepers dying creates pressure for international response. Lebanon front is intensifying even as Iran-US diplomacy reportedly progresses. (Significance: HIGH — multi-front casualty acceleration)

1. PAKISTAN FOUR-NATION MEDIATION. Saudi, Turkey, Egypt foreign ministers joined Pakistan for summit and offer to host US-Iran direct talks. First multilateral mediation track beyond US-Oman bilateral. But Iran's Parliament Speaker dismissed talks as "cover for ground invasion." (Significance: MEDIUM-HIGH — new diplomatic channel, uncertain viability)

1. TEHRAN POWER INFRASTRUCTURE STRUCK. Blackouts in Tehran and Karaj following Israeli strikes on power equipment. This fulfills Trump's March 30 civilian infrastructure threats. The distinction between "threat" and "execution" has collapsed. (Significance: HIGH — civilian infrastructure attacks now active)

1. HAIFA BAZAN DAMAGE DOWNGRADED. Fire contained. Bazan Group: damage "light," most production online. Energy Minister: no production impact, fuel supply unaffected. Previous cycle rated this as EXTREME — this cycle corrects to MODERATE. (Significance: DOWNGRADED from prior cycle assessment)

Structural Conditions — 13 Locks (+1 Emergent)

Condition 1 — Price Lock ↕ COMPLEX REPRICING
Brent ~$113.2 (down from $115.35). WTI ~$101-102. The "end without Hormuz" report triggered a sell-off — but NOT below $108 structural floor. Market parsing: tactical premium falling (war ending), structural floor rising (Hormuz stays closed). Net: volatile $107-115 range. The structural floor is REVISING UPWARD because "peace without Hormuz" = permanent supply disruption.

Condition 2 — Supply Lock ⬆️ TIGHTENING (structural permanence risk)
If Hormuz reopening drops from war objectives, the supply gap (~10-12.5 mb/d) becomes PERMANENT infrastructure, not temporary disruption. Bessent confirmed ~10-12 mb/d deficit with ~4 mb/d SPR offset = ~6-8 mb/d net deficit. Bypass expansion is years away. Demand destruction is the only equilibrating mechanism on this timeline.

Condition 3 — Insurance Lock ⬆️ TIGHTENING
P&I absence Day 31+. Al-Salmi attack at Dubai anchorage means insurance risk now extends to ANCHORED vessels, not just transiting. Bessent insurance plan "begin soon" is now contradicted by "end without Hormuz" — if the US won't fight to reopen, will it insure transit? The insurance lock may be HARDENING into permanence.

Condition 4 — Labor Lock ⬆️ TIGHTENING
Al-Salmi at anchor = anchorage no longer safe harbor. Crew unions will note: ships can't safely transit AND can't safely wait. This compounds refusal patterns. 40,000 seafarers trapped.

Condition 5 — Duration Lock ↕ COMPLEX
"End without Hormuz" suggests the WAR may shorten — but the CRISIS may extend. IRGC 6-month war statement. If the war ends in 4-6 weeks (Trump timeline) but Hormuz stays closed, the crisis duration extends beyond the war. Duration lock splits: war shortening, crisis lengthening.

Condition 6 — Nuclear Lock ⬆️ TIGHTENING
Uranium seizure ground op still under consideration. Natanz, Arak, Ardakan struck. Tehran power infra struck. If ground op proceeds, this is war-type transformation.

Condition 7 — Geographic Lock ⬆️ TIGHTENING
Dubai port area now in attack zone (Al-Salmi). 8+ non-belligerent states. Lebanon: UNIFIL taking casualties. Geographic scope expanding even within diplomatic window.

Condition 8 — Capability Lock ⬆️ TIGHTENING
2 E-3 Sentry AWACS damaged at Prince Sultan AB. These are the airborne C2 platforms needed for any escort/mine-clearing operation. Their loss degrades the very capability required to reopen Hormuz. Zero minesweepers + degraded AWACS = capability lock tightening even as Bessent talks about escorts.

Condition 9 — Dual Chokepoint Lock ↔ HOLDING at critical
Houthi "restricted combat zone." No commercial attacks yet. Day 3 of declaration. Pattern suggests 2-3 weeks to commercial targeting. April 6 deadline overlaps with pattern timeline.

Condition 10 — Leadership Lock ↔ HOLDING
IRGC Navy decapitated. Mojtaba Khamenei with minimal mediation. But operational capability demonstrated (Al-Salmi precision strike, E-3 damage, cluster missile on Israel).

Condition 11 — Infrastructure Lock ⬆️ TIGHTENING
$25B+ repair bill. Ras Laffan 3-5 years. NOW: Tehran power infrastructure struck (blackouts). Al-Salmi fire (damage TBD). Haifa damage light (downgraded). Infrastructure damage accumulating.

Condition 12 — Diplomatic Clock Lock ↕ FUNDAMENTALLY REFRAMED
April 6: 6 days remaining. BUT: if Hormuz is not in the terms, the clock measures something different. The "end without Hormuz" reframes the diplomatic goal from CRISIS RESOLUTION to MILITARY CESSATION. Pakistan four-nation track is new but unproven. The clock ticks, but what it measures has changed.

Condition 13 — Retaliatory Spiral Lock ⬆️ TIGHTENING
Cycle 15 additions: Tehran power infrastructure → Al-Salmi at Dubai port → cluster bomb on Tel Aviv suburbs → E-3 AWACS damage in Saudi. Target escalation ladder: military → energy → industrial → civilian infrastructure → port infrastructure → airborne C2 platforms. Each side continues to find new categories.

Condition 14 — Post-War Structural Persistence Lock (NEW — EMERGENT)
If the war ends without Hormuz reopening: mines remain, insurance void persists, IRGC toll system hardens, bypass gap stays at 10-12.5 mb/d, repair timelines don't shorten, crew refusals don't reverse. This is a NEW lock that did not exist before the WSJ report. Previous models assumed war's end = crisis's end. The "end without Hormuz" scenario severs that assumption. The crisis becomes SELF-SUSTAINING after the war ends — like a fire that continues burning after the arsonist leaves.

Locks Summary: 8 tightening (Supply, Insurance, Labor, Nuclear, Geographic, Capability, Infrastructure, Retaliatory Spiral). 2 complex/reframing (Price, Duration, Diplomatic Clock). 2 holding (Dual Chokepoint, Leadership). 1 new emergent (Post-War Structural Persistence). 0 loosening. Pakistan mediation is the sole new positive signal — but unproven and facing Iranian dismissal.

Critical Watch

• Al-Salmi damage assessment and anchorage response — If the fire causes spill or total loss, Dubai port operations face disruption. Watch for mass anchorage departures or repositioning to safer waters (Fujairah outer anchorage, Salalah if restored, Muscat). Insurance implications for anchored vessels.
• Trump "end without Hormuz" policy confirmation — WSJ vs Trump social media are contradictory. Watch for NSC/Pentagon/State statements clarifying whether Hormuz IS in the peace terms. If confirmed as NOT: Brent structural floor revises to $108-112.
• E-3 Sentry replacement/repair — 2 damaged AWACS are irreplaceable in weeks. If the US loses airborne radar capability in the Gulf, escort operations become significantly harder. Watch for redeployment from other theaters.
• Pakistan talks Monday outcome — Four-nation format with Saudi/Turkey/Egypt backing. If Iran agrees to attend: first concrete diplomatic progress. If Iran refuses: "end without Hormuz" becomes the only path.
• Houthi commercial targeting timeline — Day 3 of "restricted combat zone" declaration. Pattern: 2-3 weeks to commercial ship attacks. First commercial attacks projected early-to-mid April. Watch for Houthi maritime capability positioning.
• April 6 deadline minus Hormuz — 6 days. If Hormuz drops from terms, the deadline applies only to nuclear/military issues. This creates a scenario where "deal reached" on nuclear terms + "Hormuz remains closed" = oil crisis persists through "peace."

Net Assessment

Day 32 delivered a phase transition in the crisis structure. The WSJ report that Trump is willing to end the war without reopening the Strait of Hormuz is the single most consequential development for the oil crisis since the war began. Every prior cycle assumed — as the baseline model assumed — that the war's end would be the crisis's end. That assumption is now severed. If the US drops Hormuz from its core objectives, the Strait's closure timeline decouples from the military timeline and the crisis becomes self-sustaining: the insurance void persists because there's no military commitment to enforce transit; the mines remain because there's no minesweeping operation; the IRGC toll system hardens because there's no military pressure to dismantle it; the bypass gap stays at 10-12.5 mb/d because pipeline expansion operates on year timelines; and crew refusals don't reverse because the operating environment remains hostile.

The Al-Salmi attack amplified this structural shift. A fully laden Kuwaiti VLCC struck by Iranian drone AT ANCHOR in a zone "packed with ships" 31nm from Dubai demonstrates that no vessel in the Gulf is safe — not transiting, not waiting, not at port proximity. Combined with the 2 E-3 AWACS damaged at Prince Sultan Air Base (degrading the very airborne capability needed for any escort operation), the military infrastructure for reopening is getting weaker, not stronger, even as the political will to use it evaporates.

The contradiction in Trump's signals is the market's puzzle. WSJ: willing to end without Hormuz. Social media: "fully destroy Iran's infrastructure" if Hormuz not opened. White House: Hormuz "not a core objective." Bessent: "US will retake Hormuz, insurance begin soon." The market is pricing the contradiction: Brent slides from $115 to $113 as the tactical premium (imminent escalation) falls, but stays above the $108 structural floor because the structural premium (permanent closure risk) rises. The net movement is small because the two forces roughly offset — but the composition has changed. A larger share of the price is now STRUCTURAL, meaning it persists through peace.

Pakistan's four-nation mediation effort (Saudi, Turkey, Egypt) represents the first multilateral diplomatic channel and the sole positive signal this cycle. But Iran's Parliament Speaker dismissed it as "cover for ground invasion," and the effort faces the same structural limitation as all diplomatic tracks: even a successful negotiation that ends hostilities may not address Hormuz, mines, insurance, or infrastructure repair. The 14th lock — Post-War Structural Persistence — is now the analytical framework's central addition. The war ends. The crisis doesn't. The locks don't move. The war moves around them.

Report generated: 2026-03-31 09:08 CEST · Cycle 15 · Day 32 · Baseline: Cycle 14 (2026-03-30 Evening)
Next scheduled cycle: 2026-03-31 15:00 CEST
Sources: Al Jazeera, Bloomberg, CNBC, CNN, Fortune, Gulf News, Haaretz, HRW, Investing.com, Israel Hayom, JPost, KPBS, Latin Times, MARAD, MUFG Research, MPR News, NBC News, NPR, OilPrice.com, PBS, Reuters, Time, Times of Israel, TradingEconomics, US News, USNI News, Washington Post, Washington Times, WION, WSJ, ZeroHedge, France 24, Business Standard, ChinaPulse, Alma Research, ACLED, Atlantic Council, The War Zone, Maritime Executive, Navy Lookout, Irregular Warfare, S&P Global, Caixin, Lloyd's List, Property Casualty 360, Insurance Journal, Strauss Center, ENR, Pipeline Technology Journal